vs.   

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) and Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) serve different but equally important roles in electrical safety.

GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)

• Function: Protects against electrical shock by detecting leakage current (even as low as 4-6 milliamps) and shutting off power within milliseconds.
• Common Locations: Required in areas where electrical circuits are near water, such as bathrooms, kitchens, garages, crawl spaces, outdoor outlets, and basements.
• Hazard Prevention: Prevents electrocution by stopping unintended paths of electricity, such as through a person in contact with water and an energized wire.

AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter)

• Function: Protects against electrical fires by detecting unintended electrical arcing, which can occur due to damaged wires, loose connections, or aging wiring.
• Common Locations: Required in bedrooms, living rooms, and other habitable spaces where hidden wiring damage might exist.
• Hazard Prevention: Prevents electrical fires by shutting off power before overheating and ignition occur.

Why They Are Not Included in a Four-Point Inspection

A four-point inspection focuses on the roof, plumbing, HVAC, and electrical systems but primarily from an insurance risk perspective. Insurers want to know if the home has a risk of major structural or system failure, which could lead to significant claims. Since GFCIs and AFCIs are not fire hazards themselves but safety devices, they are not mandated for testing in the four-point inspection.

Why Homeowners Should Care

• GFCIs Reduce Shock Risk: Homes built before GFCI codes were in place might not have these life-saving devices, exposing homeowners to serious electrical shock and even fatal electrocution.
• AFCIs Reduce Fire Risk: Many electrical fires originate from arc faults, which standard breakers don’t detect. AFCIs provide an added layer of protection, especially in older homes where wiring may have deteriorated.

Recommendation

Although not required for a four-point inspection, homeowners should ensure their home has properly functioning GFCIs and AFCIs. Testing these devices regularly can prevent serious injuries or fatalities. Home inspectors and electricians should recommend upgrades where necessary, even if insurance inspections do not require them.